GEODEZJA

Permanent URI for this communityhttps://repo.agh.edu.pl/handle/AGH/102762

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Adres wydawniczy: Kraków : Wydawnictwa AGH, 2005-2006.
ISSN: 1234-6608
Aktualny tytuł: Geomatics and Environmental Engineering (2007-)
W 2007 roku nastąpiło połączenie czasopism: Geodezja oraz Inżynieria Środowiska (2005-2006)

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Now showing 1 - 20 of 95

Access status: Open Access ,
An elementary derivation of Knothe's formula concerning subsidence of a point under the influence of exploitation
(Wydawnictwa AGH, 2005) Bugiel, Piotr
The well known S. Knothe's formula on the subsidence of a single point of a non-stationary subsidence trough under the influence of exploitation is derived in an elementary way. An important role plays the interpretation of non-stationary subsidence trough as rheonomous constraints. Such an approach reveals some paradoxical property of the instantaneous troughs, namely they all attain practically the very same maximal subsidence.
Access status: Open Access ,
Analiza dokładności pomiaru działek rolnych techniką GPS dla celów kontroli obszarowych w systemie IACS
(Wydawnictwa AGH, 2006) Oszczak, Stanisław; Ciećko, Adam
The paper presents the project carried out by University of Science and Technology (AGH) in Cracow, Poland in cooperation with University of Warmia and Mazury (UWM) in Olsztyn, Poland and Unite de Statistique et Informatique (USI) in Gembloux, Belgium. The project was commissioned by Joint Research Centre (JRC) of European Commission. Aim of the research was elaboration of validation methods for measurement of land parcels areas. Two measurement experiments were performed in the project: remote sensing (RS) and GPS. Remote sensing experiment was made at AGH-UST Kraków, and GPS at UWM Olsztyn. Both experiments were designed and statistically analyzed at USI Gembleux. The article presents the guidelines, practical field tests and results concerning GPS part of the project. During field tests different types of GPS receivers were used, the measurements were carried out on parcels with different size, shape and border conditions (open horizon and obstructions by the trees). The huge number of repetitions and detailed statistical analyzes allowed to draw constructive conclusions.
Access status: Open Access ,
Analiza krakowskiego rynku nieruchomości na tle wybranych krajów Unii Europejskiej
(Wydawnictwa AGH, 2005) Jasińska, Elżbieta ; Preweda, Edward ; Ruchel, Jan
In the paper the situation of the Polish market of real estates was presented and compared with other countries of the European Union. Average prices of real estates in respective countries were defined, the analysis of price differences between capitals was made, the size of cities was taken into account, and the growth of the number of transactions before and after the accession was presented. The problem of purchasing land by foreigners was shown. The main focus was on the analysis of the Krakow market of real estates, regarding its advantages, disadvantages, and development of the city and development of economy, market of apartments, not built-up land, office surfaces and commercial space.
Access status: Open Access ,
Analiza porównawcza wyznaczenia parametrów geometrycznych precyzyjnych kodowych łat niwelacyjnych na komparatorze pionowym i poziomym
(Wydawnictwa AGH, 2006) Pokrzywa, Andrzej; Beluch, Józef; Frukacz, Mariusz
Essential research of precise code level rods has been analyzed. The analysis has been carried out from an aspect of the appearance of vital to geodetic surveys differences between geometric parameters in the process of calibration within two planes i.e. the horizontal one and the vertical one. On the basis of the analysis it has been concluded that significant differences may occur only when metric corrections of rod graduation are made. The research of rod graduation within two planes not only has confirmed the authors' thesis but also has shown essential differences of corrections from the aspect of the accuracy class of calibrated rods.
Access status: Open Access ,
Analiza przepisów prawnych związanych z postępowaniem o zwrot wywłaszczonej nieruchomości
(Wydawnictwa AGH, 2005) Ruchlewicz, Barbara
The purpose of this article is to analyze administrative proceedings in the cases of restitution of expropriated property in view of the current interpretation of several legal acts. The rapid increase in the number of cases concerning the restitution of expropriated property is related to the Poland's forthcoming entrance in the structures of the European Union. It is connected with the Polish society's increasing awareness of the value of property. The article does not only review the currently binding regulations of the Property Management Act and the Administrative Procedure Code, but also the abrogated regulations which where the legal basis for the expropriation or seizure of property and which now give a subject the right to claim its restitution. During administrative proceedings both geodetic and legal problems arise, the solving of which is essential for the effectiveness of administrative proceedings. The article is a detailed study of the subsequent stages that may be distinguished in the proceedings of the restitution of expropriated property. In particular, it is mainly concerned with the determination of the subject entitled to claim the restitution, the determination of the object of proceedings and the determination of the premises qualifying the property as inessential for the purpose specified in the decision of expropriation. Theses presented in the article are supported with various judicial decisions of the Supreme Court and Supreme Administrative Court.
Access status: Open Access ,
Applications of laser distancemeters DISTO to control surveys of mine headings
(Wydawnictwa AGH, 2006) Jaśkowski, Wojciech
The paper explores the potential applications of laser distancemeters DISTO plus to control surveys of mine shafts and of a laser scanner engineered at the Department of Mine Surveying AGH-UST, used for measuring horizontal and vertical cross-sections of the galleries. Distancemeters measure the distance from the controlled objects and register the measurement data on a disc in a portable computer with the frequency about 0.5 Hz. The developed methodology enables a fully automatic data acquisition, analytical processing and graphic display.
Access status: Open Access ,
Aspekty geoinformatyczne i astronomiczne prehistorycznych kopców krakowskich i kopca Kraka w Krakuszowicach
(Wydawnictwa AGH, 2006) Góral, Władysław
The arguments that positions of the mounds: Krakus, Wanda and Krak are not random, but are strictly connected with particular directions of moonrise (moonset) and sunrise (sunset) are presented. The line determined by mound Wanda and mound Krak point out major standstill southern moonrise, and opposite direction gives major standstill northern moonset. Moreover, that line is parallel to the line Wawel Hill - mound Krakus. It also has been proved that direction given by mounds Krakus and Wanda (and also Krakus and Krak) determine two dates of sunrise and two dates of sunset. The above dates divide the year into four parts. That four days of the year are roughly midway between the solstices and equinoxes and they are strictly connected with Celtic holidays.
Access status: Open Access ,
Aspekty metodyczne integracji danych teledetekcyjnych w oparciu o metodę IHS i jej modyfikacje
(Wydawnictwa AGH, 2006) Mularz, Stanisław; Pirowski, Tomasz
Effective monitoring of urban and industrial agglomerations requires possessing image information of a great degree of accuracy. It is a necessary condition to capture the objects of relatively small size and reproduce structural and textural features characteristic for different elements of urban environment. Such a requirement is fulfilled by high-resolution satellite images, however receiving data is expensive and spectral registration limited to four channels (IKONOS, QuickBird) or only and exclusively to panchromatic channel (EROS, IRS 1C/D), which limits the interpretation and classification of information and makes particularly difficult sensing and valuation of urban green areas. On the other hand, a relatively cheap, multi-spectral system of Landsat TM is characterized by too low spatial resolution for this type of studies. The article presents the idea of integrating satellite images Landsat ETM+ (30 m) with panchromatic image IRS 1C (5.8 m). Properly done integration of this sort of data leads into getting remote sensing materials of rich spatial and spectral information. In the studies - as a initial method of integration IHS standard was accepted. From the analyses earlier carried out by the authors in the area of KWB Bełchatów it can be stated that this method has great interpretation values, despite introducing high deformations into synthetic images. The studies carried out by authors go towards the limitation of this disadvantage by proposing the modifications of the standard. The obtained results were compared to standard IHS method and other classical methods of integration such as PCA, HPF, CN. To assess the content and the distribution of information and the degree of spectral deformation of combined pictures, statistic methods and visual interpretation were applied.
Access status: Open Access ,
Automaty komórkowe jako narzędzie modelowania i symulacji procesów przestrzennych w systemach informacji geograficznej
(Wydawnictwa AGH, 2006) Drzewiecki, Wojciech
The paper presents a cellular automata definition and functionality as well as ways of its integration with Geographical Information Systems. In the second part a short review of cellular-based GIS applications to modelling and simulation of dynamic spatial processes is given.
Access status: Open Access ,
Automatyczna detekcja i pomiar markerów w fotogrametrycznym systemie trójwymiarowego pozycjonowania ciała dla celów rehabilitacji leczniczej
(Wydawnictwa AGH, 2006) Tokarczyk, Regina ; Huppert, Michał
Photogrammetric system of positioning for the purpose of medical rehabilitation is based on the images of digital cameras and allows the determination of spatial co-ordinates of selected points of human body. These points consist of characteristic places of skeleton transferred into the surface of human body. They are marked by light foamed polystyrene balls. Apart from these points, also patients' pupils were examined. Reference system is defined by flat paper sheets situated in one surface. The mentioned above points are measured manually, which makes the system not very competitive compared to other systems working in this field. In the framework of developing and modernizing this system, studies on automatic detection and measurement in digital images of the mentioned above three groups of points were carried out. For the detection of markers on the patient's body the method of searching referring to a defined colour was chosen. This search is carried out in the HSI area of colours. For the groups of pixels discovered in the pair of images and making images of markers - centres are determined and then connected into homological pairs based on the following criteria: belonging to a proper epipolar line and minimum of vertical parallax. The proposed method was compared to the manual measurement and it was successful in terms of its accuracy. Because amateur compact digital cameras, used for the recording of the image, save this image in JPG, causing quality loss, the influence of the degree of compression on the accuracy of automatic measurement was examined.
Access status: Open Access ,
Automatyzacja fotogrametrycznych pomiarów odkształceń dachowych dźwigarów hal przemysłowych
(Wydawnictwa AGH, 2006) Bernasik, Jerzy; Mikrut, Sławomir
The determination of the roof crones deflection is the generally measurements in the industrial halls. The measurements is inhibited by particular condition of the operation in high industrial halls: movements and vibration (if the production is not stopped), the movements of the different conveyance and dust. If the production is stopped still remain the problems with high, danger (high voltage), weak lights, inhibit access and time restriction. Due to problems of leveling measurement the deflection of cranes in high halls, the one-images photogrammetric method is very often the best. It was use in analogue version. The digital photogrammetry shows the new possibility. In this paper three methods are presented: analogue, digital-analogue (the scanned images measurements on the photogrammetric station), and automatic image processing. The description of used technologies made rich about conclusion and recommendation for the next performers. The results of the experimental measurements and their accuracy are presented. Presented results allows to treat these described photogrammetric method as fully useful and value in accuracy. The advantages of the digital technology particular allows to recommend its for universal use.
Access status: Open Access ,
Automatyzacja procesu generalizacji kartograficznej i jej wyników prezentowanych na mapie
(Wydawnictwa AGH, 2006) Chrobak, Tadeusz
This paper shows the application of the Molenaar formal data structure model in a MRDB--type database meant to objects automated elimination and simplification while scale changing and those objects visualization methods. Generalization process and visualization results objective criterions are established in the solution. In the elimination process there are classes and objects hierarchies used, which are based on the graph theory. The simplification process is based on the hierarchy of points describing the object, established using relative extrema. Both these processes verification is based on the drawing recognizability criterion. In the object simplification results visualization methods there are normal distribution's properties and drawing recognizability criterion used to establish so called generalization thresholds (of the simplified objects). The thresholds are used to establish the scales ranges for the generalization results visualization methods.
Access status: Open Access ,
Badanie przestrzeni barwnej cyfrowego aparatu fotograficznego na przykładzie Minolty Dynax 5D
(Wydawnictwa AGH, 2006) Pirowski, Tomasz ; Tokarczyk, Regina
The proposed method of the automatism of the measurement of markers in a photo-grammetric system of 3D positioning for medical rehabilitation purposes is based on the detection of colours. Because the parameters of the calibration of colours determined based on one photo-graph are used in searching in many photographs, it is important to investigate how accurate in projecting colours a picture registering device (digital photo-camera) is. The studies referring to this phenomenon were carried out for the photo-camera Minolta Dynax 5D. A transparent test IT8 of known colour parameters in model $L*a*b$. was used in the studies. The experiments were made at day-light and artificial light, with different white balance and different speed of CCD. The results of the registration were compared in a formal and visual way with the pattern calculated into the space of colours RGB. Formal (statistic) approach allowed the detection of a difference on respective components R, G and B and defining standard deviation (noise) in single colour fields and the greyscale. In the conclusions it was stated which colours and which components get most deformed and in which range the colour balance for the greyscale is kept properly. To generalize - in order to compare different tests and - in the future - different digital cameras - a synthetic parameter was used - a so-called mean relative spectral error nQ - proposed by Wald.
Access status: Open Access ,
Badanie stałości osi celowej lunet teodolitów i tachimetrów z wykorzystaniem interferometru laserowego
(Wydawnictwa AGH, 2005) Pokrzywa, Andrzej; Beluch, Józef; Mróz, Józef; Szczutko, Tadeusz
The article presents the concept of the application of the Hewlett-Packard intrferential measuring system in studying stability of the visual axis of the teleskopes. These teleskopes are parts of geodetic instruments that serve for angle measurement. In order to extend the measuring range of the system the authors suggest unique construction solutions concerning the assembly of the measuring elements of this system. The recording of readings based on measuring systems of the examined instruments was replaced, in the presented measuring technique, by readings from the interfential measuring system which are far more precise. This allows one to get better accuracy in studying the stability of the visual axis.
Access status: Open Access ,
Bibliografia prac na temat teledetekcyjnych metod kontroli środowiska opublikowanych przez autorów w latach 1977-2005
(Wydawnictwa AGH, 2005) Dworak, Tadeusz Zbigniew; Hejmanowska, Beata ; Pyka, Krystian
The article contains the list of 93 papers published by us in the years 1977-2005. The aim of this bibliography is to present whole our knowledge within remote sensing methods for the investigation and control of the environment - natural and anthropogenic.
Access status: Open Access ,
Charakterystyka wybranych cech funkcjonalnych tachimetrów elektronicznych
(Wydawnictwa AGH, 2006) Buśko, Małgorzata
The paper includes a brief characteristics of the selected design solutions of modern electronic tacheometers. These instruments are systematically improved due to scientific progress in such fields like electronics, optics, information technology and precision mechanics. The subject of the detailed discussion in this paper was a principle of operation of the main axis vertical swing compensation system of the instrument, the system to enable automatic aiming of the tacheometer telescope at the reflector, and tracking of the moving prism and possibility to conduct distance measurements without using a reflector. Tacheometers made by Topcon, incorporating the above mentioned features, were used in field and laboratory surveys. Laboratory distance measurements were related to the reference values, obtained based on measurements taken by laser interferometer HP5529A. The performed measurements enabled to formulate the conclusions, regarding the application capabilities and limits of tacheometers in geodetic practice, particularly in the aspect of non-prism measurements.
Access status: Open Access ,
Dobór i analiza parametrów na potrzeby wyceny nieruchomości rekreacyjnych
(Wydawnictwa AGH, 2006) Hajduk, Anna
Property market is a place where rights and duties of owners are being put to profit. Analysis of property market is identifying the mechanism of its operation, structure, condition and development of its elements. Market analysis enables taking accurate and rational decisions that is why it is a very important stagein many fields connected with property market. Statistic analysis conducted with appropriate programs makes it possible to assess the importance of features and factors shaping recreational property market. Econometrics model as well as the procedure of studying the structure of community has an important bearing on isolating fundamental traits which affect value of property.
Access status: Open Access ,
Dokumentacja rozgraniczenia nieruchomości w procesie ustalania stanu prawnego gruntu
(Wydawnictwa AGH, 2005) Kwartnik-Pruc, Anita
The paper presents an analysis of geodetic-legal regulations connected with the delimitation of a real estate, in the light of documentation arising in this process. This documentation is included in the national geodetic and cartographical resources, which are the basics of title boundary reestablishment. The paper deals with present legal bases, since 1946, of the proceedings of ground real estate delimitation, composition of documentation, arising from this process, and changes with the administration responsible for this delimitation.
Access status: Open Access ,
Estymacja parametrów nieliniowych modeli funkcyjnych na potrzeby predykcji rynkowej wartości nieruchomości
(Wydawnictwa AGH, 2005) Barańska, Anna
The basis of modelling real estate unit values is information on prices and qualities of real estates as subject of market turnover or on market values of representative real estates and their attributes. Such a data set constitutes a representative basis of real estates for analysing the market, meeting all criteria of multidimensional random variable. Among different non-linear functions of many variables, in modelling of a real estate unit price or value, multiplicative exponential function is chosen to be examined in relation to the particular attributes. Exponential form of the function assures positive values of real estates and it permits to describe their variability as a monotone function. The model of real estates unit values in form of multiplicative exponential function was analysed as follow $c=B_{0} \cdot B_{1}^{x_1} \cdot B_{2}^{x_2}...B_{m}^{x_m}$, where: $c$ - real estate unit price or unit value, $x_1, x_2,..., x_m$ - real estate attributes, including the attribute of »transaction time«, $B_j$ - estimated model factors, $B_0$ - real estate unit value, for zero of all attributes. Estimation of model parameters may be done in many ways. In the present paper, the run system for Markow method (in form of least squares weighing method) will be submitted. Verification of estimated model proceeds as follows: 1. investigation of model acceptability regarding the values of factors variability as well as the convergence, 2. analysis of model factors significance, 3. analysis of random components symmetry.
Access status: Open Access ,
Etapy rozwoju Wydziału Geodezji Górniczej i Inżynierii Środowiska AGH w latach 1951-2006
(Wydawnictwa AGH, 2006) Gocał, Jan
The short history of one of the faculties of AGH - University of Science and Technology was described. It is the Faculty of Mining Surveying and Environmental Engineering during years 1951-2006.