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  • thumbnail.journal.alt
    Item type:Article, Access status: Open Access ,
    Wpływ zanieczyszczenia gleby różnymi związkami rtęci na aktywność mikrobiologiczną gleby
    (Wydawnictwa AGH, 2005) Florencka, Natalia; Chmiel, Maria
    Presented paper concern studies on influence of soil contamination by mercury compounds $(HgCt_{2}$ $HgO$, $Hg(NO_{3})_{2})$ in five different doses (0,1. 0,5. 1,0. 5,0. 10,0 mg/kg) on number of vegetative and resting stages of mesophilic bacteria, Azotobacter genus, the number of Actinomycetes and microfungi. The results of laboratory investigations displayed the mean reduction of vegetative stages of mesophilic bacteria on sites with mercury oxide $(HgO)$ already in lowest dose - 0,1 mg/kg and the Actinomycetes number on sites with doses over 0,5 mg/kg $Hg(NO_{3})_{2}$. $HgCl_{2}$ (corrosive sublimate) was the most toxic compound to Azotobacter sp. Filamentous fungi were the most resistant group of soil microorganisms.
  • thumbnail.journal.alt
    Item type:Article, Access status: Open Access ,
    Emisja zanieczyszczeń z procesu grafityzacji elektrod węglowych w piecach LWG (Castnera). Część 1. Wybrane substancje gazowe
    (Wydawnictwa AGH, 2005) Mazur, Marian ; Oleniacz, Robert ; Bogacki, Marek ; Szczygłowski, Przemysław
    In the paper the results of measurements of quantity pollutants originated and emitted to air from resistor stoves of type LWG (Castner) were introduced. The investigation was carried out during graphite process of coal electrodes, until moment of end of ventilation the stove across applied installations of cleaning of cool gases (catalytic burning and the wet desulphurization). The measurement results of $CO$, $CO_{2}$, $HC+H_{2}$, $SO_{2}$, $H_{2}S$, $CS_{2}$, $NO$, $NO_{2}$, $NH_{3}$ as well as chosen hydrocarbons $(C_{1}-C_{6})$ and aromatic hydrocarbons (BTX) were presented. In result of conducted investigations was qualified courses of changeability of concentrations in gases these substances before and for the cleaning system. The effectiveness of the substance removing from exhaust gases was estimated as well as range of occurrence of their maximum release. The additional investigations of catalytic burning showed, that this process causes the formation of the additional quantities of benzene.
  • thumbnail.journal.alt
    Item type:Article, Access status: Open Access ,
    Zastosowanie algorytmów interpolacji i sztucznych sieci neuronowych do wyznaczania charakterystyki zawartości chromu w glebach
    (Wydawnictwa AGH, 2005) Gruszczyński, Stanisław ; Urbański, Krzysztof 
    Various ways of approach, to determine the horizontal distribution trend (tendency) of Chromium (Cr) in soil, where is high pollution by this element are analysed. Polynominal regression algorithms (I, II, III degree polynominals), interpolation algorithms (TIN, Kriging, RST), and also artificial neural networks (MLP, CANFIS, RBF, GRNN, PNN, MDN) are applied. Data from field experiments, carried out in the area of Chemical Plant in Alwernia were used. The differences between several ways of approach are presented in a graphical form, and also in some remainders distribution statistics. The soil pollution spatial distribution examinations lead to following conclusion, that in the first place is the information precision determination, and also the limit of error, through the pollution evaluation acceptance, whereas in the second place is the indication or standing out the regularity connected with the imission effect mechanism. It seems that the chromium concentration in soils variation, noticed even on short distances, makes it difficult the acceptance of interpolation method, as a method of contamination distribution evaluation. On the other hand the considerable nonlinearity makes difficult the acceptance of regression model. In these circumstances, the possibility which is worth consideration, is the modelling with the application of neuron networks, that is also hybrid solution application (for instance MDN), which gives the possibility of Cr concentration in soils variation deeper analysis.
  • thumbnail.journal.alt
    Item type:Article, Access status: Open Access ,
    Zanieczyszczenie środowiska gruntowo-wodnego wielopierścieniowymi węglowodorami aromatycznymi w rejonie rafinerii
    (Wydawnictwa AGH, 2005) Macuda, Jan; Solecki, Tadeusz
    Oil refineries belong to industrial plants frequently polluting the ground-water environment with a variety of hydrocarbons. Ground and water contamination may be caused by leakages in the production installments and also during oil and oil-products storing. One of the most toxic ones are polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, produced in considerable quantities in the course of oil and crude oils processing. The quantitative state of the ground-water environment with respect to the polycyclic aromatics near one of the Polish oil refineries has been analyzed in this paper. Basing on the comparison of geochemical and hydrochemical results with threshold environmental standards, a conclusion was drawn that both grounds and underground waters are contaminated with polycyclic aromatics above the admissible values, qualifying them for remediation procedures to be applied.
  • thumbnail.journal.alt
    Item type:Article, Access status: Open Access ,
    Geosozologiczne skutki likwidacji kopalń siarki w rejonie Tarnobrzega
    (Wydawnictwa AGH, 2005) Gołda, Tadeusz; Haładus, Andrzej; Kulma, Ryszard
    The water conditions prognosis within the area of mines put to closure of Tarnobrzeg Sulphur Basin, elaborated on the basis of hydrogeological model results, show the possibility of occurrence the negative changes in ground-water environment, after eliminating the existing drainage systems. Within the surroundings of »Jeziorko« and »Piaseczno« mines, the water conditions engineering is of basie importance, for further direction of post-mining land development. The paper presents the evidence of the influence of reconstructed ground-water level over the soil productiveness, the size of damages and main threats removal of which needs to carry out special detailed land melioration.
  • thumbnail.journal.alt
    Item type:Article, Access status: Open Access ,
    Kształtowanie się wybranych właściwości inicjalnej gleby na zrekultywowanej w kierunku leśnym hałdzie górnictwa miedzi
    (Wydawnictwa AGH, 2006) Wójcik, Jerzy ; Kowalik, Stanisław
    Basic task of the biological stage of forest-directed reclamation of post-mining soilless areas is to speed up the growth of introduced plantations and stimulate soil-forming processes. During the reclamation, through technical and biological procedures the properties of initial soils are formed. Such properties have crucial influence on the value of the restored forest ecosystems. The goal of the carried out studies was to define the influence of four tree species on the properties of the initial soil, 8 years after the forestation of the waste heap of sterile rocks from the copper mining. In the paper the results referring to the accumulation of organic matter, organic carbon and nitrogen were presented as well as the selected physical and chemical properties of the studied initial soil. The obtained results indicate dynamic course of soil processes on the studied waste heap. This can be proved by the formation of characteristic for initial forest levels of accumulation already containing significant quantities of nitrogen-rich organic matter. In the layer 0-10 cm, the trend of favourable changes has appeared. This includes volume density, pH reaction and the content of nutrients. At the present stage of the development of initial soil the influence of the species composition of the forests could only be clearly seen in the accumulation of the organic matter and nitrogen.
  • thumbnail.journal.alt
    Item type:Article, Access status: Open Access ,
    Emisja zanieczyszczeń z pieca Achesona do grafityzacji wyrobów drobnych
    (Wydawnictwa AGH, 2006) Mazur, Marian ; Oleniacz, Robert ; Bogacki, Marek ; Szczygłowski, Przemysław
    In the paper research results of the air pollutant emissions from the graphitising process of fine products in the electric resistance Acheson furnace (discharge capacity 5,5 Mg) were presented. Research was performed for two kinds of raw material inputs (based on petroleum coke and pitch coke). Approximately 40-hours measurement series were carried out for each material including mainly such substances like carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides, sulphur dioxide, hydrogen sulphide, carbon disulphide, ammonia, benzene, toluene, xylenes, total dust, tar substances and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Both average and maximum concentrations and mass streams in the flue gases and average emission factors were presented for the substances.
  • thumbnail.journal.alt
    Item type:Article, Access status: Open Access ,
    Symptomy rozwoju procesu glebotwórczego pod młodymi zalesieniami rekultywacyjnymi na spągu wyrobiska Kopalni Piasku »Szczakowa«
    (Wydawnictwa AGH, 2005) Kowalik, Stanisław; Wójcik, Jerzy 
    On the reclaimed floor of the old working of the Sand Mine »Szczakowa« the studies on chemical properties of soils under 10 years old larch (Larix europaea) and pine (Pinus silvestris) forest were carried out. Similar symptoms of the differentiation of the morphological picture of both initial soils (made of loose sand) were detected. Both under larch and pine about 1-cm thick layer of overburden humus were found as well as a very weakly marked initial humus level. Close to surface mineral layer (0-10 cm) of both soils were characterized with much higher than other content of organic C and N total. To the depth of 30 cm also big acidification of ground was found, compared to the initial state and at present, compared to deeper layers. Both soils are characterized by very Iow content of nutrients, small capacity of sorption complex, with a Iow degree of saturation with alkali. Despite very unfavourable properties of ground both larch and pine have high growth rate, which indicates a significant role of shallowly situated (0.7-0.9 m) layer of ground water.
  • thumbnail.journal.alt
    Item type:Article, Access status: Open Access ,
    Emisja zanieczyszczeń ze spalania odpadów podestylacyjnych z produkcji witaminy C w piecu fluidalnym
    (Wydawnictwa AGH, 2005) Oleniacz, Robert 
    In the paper some results of continuous or periodical measurements of selected air pollutant concentrations and mass streams in the flue gases from liquid waste incineration in a fluidized bed incinerator were presented. During the researches distillation tails from vitamin C production, that is waste traces from regeneration such solvents as for example ethylene chloride, chloroform or trichloroethylene were incinerated. As a result of the researches there was determined optimal temperature of the fluidized bad in which the waste incineration should be carried out to minimization of CO and $NO_{x}$ formation. Required effectiveness of HCl removal from combustion gases to comply with the emission limit values was presented as well. Applied in the installation alkaline fluidized absorbers working on the parallel arrangement were not sufficient to achieve it.
  • thumbnail.journal.alt
    Item type:Article, Access status: Open Access ,
    Zanieczyszczenie chromem Jeziora Rożnowskiego
    (Wydawnictwa AGH, 2005) Helios-Rybicka, Edeltrauda; Kuźniakowska, Magdalena; Gruszecka-Kosowska, Agnieszka
    Roznowskie Lake is the reservoir of the accumulative contaminants, which are dumped into the waters of Dunajec and Poprad River. The aim of the researches was to define the level of contamination with chromium sediments and water in the Roznowskie Lake. This element was chosen for investigation, due to great spread of tannery works on this area of the river basin, that can be the source of the chromium. From the whole area of the lake it was taken 42 bottom sediment samples and 42 water samples with the suspended matter. Laboratory analyses showed, that there is very Iow concentration of the chromium in water and also in bottom sediments and suspended matter. Comparing the results with actual (valid) Polish Law connected with (related to) drinking waters, it can be said that with contamination of Cr, waters from Roznowskie Lake, belong to first class of cleanness. Sediments output by the processes of desludging of the water reservoirs, can be used for recultivation of soils, while the concentration of the Cr in none of the sediment samples overpass the permissible level of 200 mg/kg dry mass. Polish Legal Acts do not take under consideration defining the contamination level of pollutants in the suspended matter. According to German LAWA classification, constituents of the Roznowskie Lake with contamination of Cr, belong to the first class of cleanness (non polluted).