Artykuły (CN-inżynieria)

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://repo.agh.edu.pl/handle/AGH/102842

Artykuły czasopisma Inżynieria Środowiska

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Access status: Open Access ,
Badania właściwości dynamicznych wysokich kominów żelbetowych
(Wydawnictwa AGH, 2006) Oruba, Rajmund
The problem of dynamic measurements of industrial reinforced concrete chimneys H = 100+300 m was described in the paper. These measurements enabled to evaluate natural frequency, vibration forms and vibration damping of this objects. Dynamic characteristics are needed to diagnose and safety evaluation of chimneys. This problem is very important in regions of paraseismic mining shocks, e.g. at Legnicko-Głogowski Copper District (LGOM). The particular notice in the paper was put on the vibration excitation of chimneys in their natural scale. Examples of organization of investigations and arrangement of testing measurement equipments were given. Authors presented dynamic measurement results of 16 high reinforced concrete chimneys.
Access status: Open Access ,
Emisja zanieczyszczeń z pieca Achesona do grafityzacji wyrobów drobnych
(Wydawnictwa AGH, 2006) Mazur, Marian ; Oleniacz, Robert ; Bogacki, Marek ; Szczygłowski, Przemysław
In the paper research results of the air pollutant emissions from the graphitising process of fine products in the electric resistance Acheson furnace (discharge capacity 5,5 Mg) were presented. Research was performed for two kinds of raw material inputs (based on petroleum coke and pitch coke). Approximately 40-hours measurement series were carried out for each material including mainly such substances like carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides, sulphur dioxide, hydrogen sulphide, carbon disulphide, ammonia, benzene, toluene, xylenes, total dust, tar substances and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Both average and maximum concentrations and mass streams in the flue gases and average emission factors were presented for the substances.
Access status: Open Access ,
Emisja zanieczyszczeń z procesu grafityzacji elektrod węglowych w piecach LWG (Castnera). Część 1. Wybrane substancje gazowe
(Wydawnictwa AGH, 2005) Mazur, Marian ; Oleniacz, Robert ; Bogacki, Marek ; Szczygłowski, Przemysław
In the paper the results of measurements of quantity pollutants originated and emitted to air from resistor stoves of type LWG (Castner) were introduced. The investigation was carried out during graphite process of coal electrodes, until moment of end of ventilation the stove across applied installations of cleaning of cool gases (catalytic burning and the wet desulphurization). The measurement results of $CO$, $CO_{2}$, $HC+H_{2}$, $SO_{2}$, $H_{2}S$, $CS_{2}$, $NO$, $NO_{2}$, $NH_{3}$ as well as chosen hydrocarbons $(C_{1}-C_{6})$ and aromatic hydrocarbons (BTX) were presented. In result of conducted investigations was qualified courses of changeability of concentrations in gases these substances before and for the cleaning system. The effectiveness of the substance removing from exhaust gases was estimated as well as range of occurrence of their maximum release. The additional investigations of catalytic burning showed, that this process causes the formation of the additional quantities of benzene.
Access status: Open Access ,
Emisja zanieczyszczeń z procesu grafityzacji elektrod węglowych w piecach LWG (Castnera). Część 2. Wybrane substancje pyłowe
(Wydawnictwa AGH, 2006) Mazur, Marian ; Oleniacz, Robert ; Bogacki, Marek ; Szczygłowski, Przemysław
In the paper the measurement results of quantity of dust pollutants originated and emitted to air from resistor stoves of type LWG (Castner) during graphite process of coal electrodes were introduced. The investigation was carried out for total dust, total tar substances and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The measurements were performed both before and after the flue gas control system (catalytic burning and wet cleaning). Thus changes of the substance concentrations in the gases for the cleaning system were estimated. As a result of the investigation was conclusion that the graphite process of coal electrodes in LWG stoves is not a significant source of dust emissions. Although there is occurred increasing of total tar substances and PAHs concentrations in the gases and changing of PAHs profile within the catalytic reactors using for the flue gas burning.
Access status: Open Access ,
Emisja zanieczyszczeń ze spalania odpadów podestylacyjnych z produkcji witaminy C w piecu fluidalnym
(Wydawnictwa AGH, 2005) Oleniacz, Robert
In the paper some results of continuous or periodical measurements of selected air pollutant concentrations and mass streams in the flue gases from liquid waste incineration in a fluidized bed incinerator were presented. During the researches distillation tails from vitamin C production, that is waste traces from regeneration such solvents as for example ethylene chloride, chloroform or trichloroethylene were incinerated. As a result of the researches there was determined optimal temperature of the fluidized bad in which the waste incineration should be carried out to minimization of CO and $NO_{x}$ formation. Required effectiveness of HCl removal from combustion gases to comply with the emission limit values was presented as well. Applied in the installation alkaline fluidized absorbers working on the parallel arrangement were not sufficient to achieve it.
Access status: Open Access ,
Geosozologiczne skutki likwidacji kopalń siarki w rejonie Tarnobrzega
(Wydawnictwa AGH, 2005) Gołda, Tadeusz; Haładus, Andrzej; Kulma, Ryszard
The water conditions prognosis within the area of mines put to closure of Tarnobrzeg Sulphur Basin, elaborated on the basis of hydrogeological model results, show the possibility of occurrence the negative changes in ground-water environment, after eliminating the existing drainage systems. Within the surroundings of »Jeziorko« and »Piaseczno« mines, the water conditions engineering is of basie importance, for further direction of post-mining land development. The paper presents the evidence of the influence of reconstructed ground-water level over the soil productiveness, the size of damages and main threats removal of which needs to carry out special detailed land melioration.
Access status: Open Access ,
Gminne programy ochrony środowiska jako narzędzie edukacji ekologicznej na szczeblu lokalnym
(Wydawnictwa AGH, 2006) Kozakiewicz, Ryszard
The ecological education is the essential task of public administration, penetrating all aspects of its activity. Raising the ecological awareness of community by everyday activities of authorities is as essential element of education system as schools and NGO-s activities. The paper takes up the issues of the role and tasks of ecological education, which refer to the system of Environmental Protection Programmes (EPP). Based on review of several EPP worked-out for municipalities in Małopolska Region, limitations and shortages in tasks implementation of ecological education have been pointed out as well as the reasons of those limitations and possibilities of their overcoming. Efficient fulfilling of the tasks in this field depends on strong substantial and organizing support from central and regional administration and certain financial support. For implementing the National Environmental Policy is needed the considerable enlargement of the local authorities activities in the range of ecological education tasks coordination and promotion the production and consumption models accomplishing the sustainable development rules.
Access status: Open Access ,
Kształtowanie się wybranych właściwości inicjalnej gleby na zrekultywowanej w kierunku leśnym hałdzie górnictwa miedzi
(Wydawnictwa AGH, 2006) Wójcik, Jerzy ; Kowalik, Stanisław
Basic task of the biological stage of forest-directed reclamation of post-mining soilless areas is to speed up the growth of introduced plantations and stimulate soil-forming processes. During the reclamation, through technical and biological procedures the properties of initial soils are formed. Such properties have crucial influence on the value of the restored forest ecosystems. The goal of the carried out studies was to define the influence of four tree species on the properties of the initial soil, 8 years after the forestation of the waste heap of sterile rocks from the copper mining. In the paper the results referring to the accumulation of organic matter, organic carbon and nitrogen were presented as well as the selected physical and chemical properties of the studied initial soil. The obtained results indicate dynamic course of soil processes on the studied waste heap. This can be proved by the formation of characteristic for initial forest levels of accumulation already containing significant quantities of nitrogen-rich organic matter. In the layer 0-10 cm, the trend of favourable changes has appeared. This includes volume density, pH reaction and the content of nutrients. At the present stage of the development of initial soil the influence of the species composition of the forests could only be clearly seen in the accumulation of the organic matter and nitrogen.
Access status: Open Access ,
Lokalna zmienność zawartości metali ciężkich w glebach okolicy Olkusza
(Wydawnictwa AGH, 2006) Trafas, Maria; Eckes, Teresa; Gołda, Tadeusz
In the paper the results of the survey on soils were presented The soil samples were located in a study field in the Olkusz region. Single samples were taken from the fields 50 x 50 m, layer 0-20 cm in distances of 10 meters. Apart from this a mean sample of 30 small samples was taken. There were also 5 excavations made from the layers of 5 cm thickness, up to 20 cm depth and 10 cm up to 80 cm depth. Their basic physical properties were defined (grain composition, volume density) as well as chemical properties (pH in H2O and KCl, PEW, content of CaCO3, losses at roasting) and the content of heavy metals. The results were analysed in terms of surface variability and the influence of ore-bearing dolomites on the distribution of heavy metals in soil profiles of different depth. It was found that, in the surface layers, the soils contained significant quantities of Zn, Pb and Cd. These quantities diminish with depth, but increase again in the levels with the addition of clay-like weathered dolomites. The comments on the definition of soil pollution and standards of soil quality were also made.
Access status: Open Access ,
Monitoring and quality assessment of selected physical and chemical parameters of the Sola River system, South Poland
(Wydawnictwa AGH, 2005) Helios-Rybicka, Edeltrauda; Hołda, Agnieszka; Jarosz, Elżbieta
The purpose of the research carried in winter 2001 and spring 2002 was to monitor and assess the quality of the Sola River system. Representative samples of river water, suspended matter and bottom sediments were taken from 10 sampling points located along the Sola River course, and additional 2 before and after Sola River outlet to the Vistula River. Physical parameters (pH, temp., $O_{2}$, conductivity) of the river water were determined directly in the field. The spatial variability in concentrations of elements in the Sola River system was established using ICP-MS, AAS as well as IC, and further the pollutants were compared to national and international quality standards. With respect to physico-chemical parameters the Sola River shows good quality meeting the lst to 3rd Polish Surface Water Quality Class. The detected levels of metal concentrations in suspended matter were found to exceed the geochemical background values. Metal concentrations were found to be much higher than in the river water and with respect to LAWA classification system relatively highest pollution was found with Cd, Zn. Metal concentrations ranged (in mg/kg): Pb 19.4-124, Zn 343-1725, Cd 0.86-5.78, Tl 0.087-0.568, Cr 68.3-176, Ni 52.5-67.2, As 9.44-32.1, and Fe 22815-54007. Content of metals in bottom sediments revealed lower concentration level in comparison with suspended matter indicating uncontaminated to moderately contaminated conditions with respect to the Igeo classification system. A leaching test was performed to established the mobility and bioavailability of investigated metals in both suspended matter and bottom sediment samples. Obtained results indicate Iow metal mobility upon acidic leaching conditions. Nickel was found to be the most mobile metal in suspended matter (97% released), whereas in bottom sediment Pb (58% released) appeared to be the most bioavailable. Results obtained lead to formulation of the following conclusions and further recommendations for national chemical monitoring in Poland: (1) metal concentrations in the Sola River did not exceed the values of the lst Polish Surface Water Quality Class, (2) pollutant content did not reveal significant seasonal variations, therefore chemical monitoring conducted twice a year is sufficient, (3) chemical monitoring of suspended matter should be included in the Polish National Monitoring System on the routine basis, additional arguments are: easy sampling, better homogeneity of material and less time consuming laboratory procedure.
Access status: Open Access ,
Ocena i prognozowanie stanu gleb na potrzeby planów i programów
(Wydawnictwa AGH, 2006) Gruszczyński, Stanisław
The environmental assessment of effects of the plans and programs realization is relatively novelty in Polish Environmental Impast Assessment practice. In the next few years one might await a considerable increase of demand of this kind of studies. The evaluation of the present state and also the prognosis of future soils states needs methodological basis, including the applied procedures settling a reliable description of forecast transformation and their effects. The paper presents some aspects of this problem, putting interest mainly on digital methods data processing and information integration.
Access status: Open Access ,
Ocena wpływu remontów oraz zabezpieczeń profilaktycznych na trwałość budynków murowanych w LGOM
(Wydawnictwa AGH, 2006) Wodyński, Aleksander ; Firek, Karol ; Kocot, Wojciech
The paper presents the results of research concerning building impacts, i.e. preventive maintenance conducted by mining companies and renovation work, on the durability of the traditional building development in the Legnica-Głogów Copper District. The basis for the research was an established database containing information about damage, wear and potential causes of damage and anomalies in 930 residential buildings, a typical town, suburban and rural development within the region the traditional masonry structure and 370 farm buildings, mainly barns, stables, and cowsheds. In the research a quantitative analysis was made of the effects of building impacts on the durability of the LGOM building development. An methodology was applied, which involved a comparative analysis of durability estimated on ground time trends of the technical wear of selected groups of buildings. For example, the influence renovation works on the durability was evaluated on the basis of comparative analysis of the progression over time of technical wear of buildings with preventive maintenance. The analysis for the investigated group of renovated buildings showed a relative 12.6% increase in the average durability in comparison with the not renovated buildings. This means that after fifty years of utilization the absolute difference in the average wear would be 4.9%.
Access status: Open Access ,
Pionowy rozkład zawartości rtęci w wybranych profilach glebowych w rejonie Alwernii
(Wydawnictwa AGH, 2006) Florencka, Natalia; Wojtanowicz, Piotr
In the article the studies referring to the definition of vertical distribution of mercury content in selected soil profiles were presented. Places of sampling were situated within the grounds used as meadows and forests in the vicinity of Chemical Plant »Alwernia« S.A. The concentration of mercury in the studied profiles was low and did not exceed 0.25 mg/kg. The decrease of the concentration with depth was observed both in meadows and forests. Maximum contents of mercury were observed in the layer of litter or in humus up to the depth of 5 cm. The correlation between the content of mercury and the quantity of organic substance was found, which confirms strong binding of this element in the organic or mineral-organic level.
Access status: Open Access ,
Program ochrony środowiska w gminie turystycznej Gródek nad Dunajcem
(Wydawnictwa AGH, 2006) Laskowicz, Izabela; Sobik, Katarzyna
Rational use of natural environment is one of the most important priorities in the ecological State policy. The communes environmental protection programs are the local tools for this aim. The paper contains a detailed assessment of selected natural environmental element in Gródek above Dunajec river: surface and ground waters, air, environment, soil quality and nature, as a natural capacity of future tourist project. Authors have presented main antropogenic special threats on this area, as well a short- and long-term strategy of protection were given. Furthermore, the problem of natural threats (slides and flood) as a limiting factor of local development were discussed. The article presented the Waste Management Program for a commune as well.
Access status: Open Access ,
Przyczyny uszkodzeń i przyspieszonego zużycia żelbetowego zbiornika koncentratu rudy miedzi
(Wydawnictwa AGH, 2006) Barycz, Stanisław; Oruba, Rajmund ; Świerczek, Marian
The paper presents the problem of damages and abnormalities of reinforced concrete container of copper ore concentrate after more then 20 years of operating. Observations and measurements of structures, results of physical, chemical and strength laboratory tests of taken concrete cores were described. The reasons of abnormalities was evaluated on the basis of above data and structural analysis (Finite Elements Method). Low quality of building works, design errors and operating in industrial corrosion aggressiveness caused damages and accelerated technical wear of this object.
Access status: Open Access ,
Przydatność różnych typów sieci neuronowych w klasyfikacji gleb
(Wydawnictwa AGH, 2006) Gruszczyński, Stanisław
The application of three neural networks algorithm in task soils classification, on the basis of features obtained from analog cartographic documentation, is presented. The MLP (Multi-Layer Perceptron) type net and PNN (Probabilistic Neural Network) give the best classification results among examined algorithms. The PNN and SOM (Self-Organizing Map) combination of net operational results gives more deep classification relations within sphere this study, based among others on fuzzy relationships visualization between complexes in analyzed area.
Access status: Open Access ,
Symptomy rozwoju procesu glebotwórczego pod młodymi zalesieniami rekultywacyjnymi na spągu wyrobiska Kopalni Piasku »Szczakowa«
(Wydawnictwa AGH, 2005) Kowalik, Stanisław; Wójcik, Jerzy
On the reclaimed floor of the old working of the Sand Mine »Szczakowa« the studies on chemical properties of soils under 10 years old larch (Larix europaea) and pine (Pinus silvestris) forest were carried out. Similar symptoms of the differentiation of the morphological picture of both initial soils (made of loose sand) were detected. Both under larch and pine about 1-cm thick layer of overburden humus were found as well as a very weakly marked initial humus level. Close to surface mineral layer (0-10 cm) of both soils were characterized with much higher than other content of organic C and N total. To the depth of 30 cm also big acidification of ground was found, compared to the initial state and at present, compared to deeper layers. Both soils are characterized by very Iow content of nutrients, small capacity of sorption complex, with a Iow degree of saturation with alkali. Despite very unfavourable properties of ground both larch and pine have high growth rate, which indicates a significant role of shallowly situated (0.7-0.9 m) layer of ground water.
Access status: Open Access ,
System gospodarowania olejami odpadowymi na terenie województwa podkarpackiego
(Wydawnictwa AGH, 2005) Przewoźnik, Dorota; Grzesik, Katarzyna
The current situation in waste oil management system in Podkarpacki region was presented in the article. The volume of produced waste oils along with perspective future figures till the year 2014 were taken into account. The collection system of waste oils as well as the technology of oil recycling were described in detail. Consortium of Waste Oils is one of the most resiliently functioning Polish organizations in respect of a collection and recycling of used oils. This organization was established on the basis of Jedlicze Refinery (Podkarpacki region). The Consortium elaborated a concept of nationwide integrated network of collection and recycling of waste oils. This concept assumes a cooperation with local authorities. A collection of oils from dispersed and small sources can be implemented on the level of gmina (lowest level of local authority in Poland) in so-called Hazardous Waste Collection Points. Oil Refinery in Jedlicze operates an installation designed for initial refining and distilling waste oils. Collected oils are subject of refining through decantation process followed by distilling. Re-refining process is the next step of oil recycling. A modern process of waste oils recycling, complying with obligatory procedures of waste treatment is applied in Jedlicze Refinery. Recycling of waste oils results in many benefits - ecological, energetic, economic and fuel ones.
Access status: Open Access ,
Teledetekcyjny monitoring środowiska
(Wydawnictwa AGH, 2005) Dworak, Tadeusz Zbigniew; Bonikowska, Maria
The paper presents some suggestions of an applictaion of remote sensing methods for the monitoring of envirnonment (natural and antropogenic). It contains also a short historical introduction to the problem of monitoring. As next it have been listed fundamental remote sensing methods (passive and active). Moreover, it is described principial differences between an in situ and remote sensing monitoring supported by the GPS and GIS technics. The neccesity of an application of complementar monitoring systems for more precise interpretation of obtained results of observations and measurements of environmental components is taken into consideration. Three fundamental, substantial components of environment have been defined such as: atmosphere, hydrosphere and litosphere together with biosphere. For the need of the remote sensing monitoring - especially for aerial photographs, satellite images and radiometrie observations - an idea of morfostructures of antropogenic and natural ecosystems have been introduced. The importance of using remote sensing methods in the environmental monitoring according to the accession of Poland to the European Union, at most was emphasized.
Access status: Open Access ,
Wpływ powodzi z 1997 roku na rozprzestrzenienie metali ciężkich w środowisku wód potoku Malinówka, w rejonie wysypiska odpadów komunalnych w Baryczy koło Krakowa
(Wydawnictwa AGH, 2005) Wardas-Lasoń, Marta; Budek, Leokadia; Kijas, Agnieszka; Rembalska, Romana
The presented paper contains the results of the study of water environment of Malinówka River in which catchment the municipal waste disposal site has been located. The subject of investigation was the distribution of heavy metals: Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn between water and bottom sediments. The interpretation of that distribution has been done on the base of physicochemical characteristics of water determined as pH, EC (electrical conductivity) and concentration of anions: $F^{-}$, $Cl^{-}$, $NO_{3}^{-}$, $SO_{4}^{2-}$ and $PO_{4}^{3-}$. It was found that the substandard concentrations show in water Pb, Cu and all anions. Concentration of Zn, Cd, Cr as well as pH are as high as those in water of the lst or 2nd class of purity. Concentrations of Zn, Pb and Cd in river sediments quality them as Iow contaminated sediments (1st class) while Cu and Cr concentration as intermediate contaminated sediments (2nd class). The results obtained were compared with those determined before the flood of 1997. It appeared that as a result of flood: increased pH and EC, considerably increased salinity, decreased heavy metal concentrations in both water and water sediments.