Publikacje (OA)

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Publikacje z afiliacją AGH: artykuły, książki, rozdziały książek, preprinty, postprinty, publikacje powstałe m.in. w ramach projektów badawczych, a wydane poza AGH.

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Access status: Open Access ,
Development of PV panel recycling process enabling complete recyclability of end-of-life silicon photovoltaic panels
(2025) Nalluri, Srinath; Kuśmierczyk, Filip; Leow, Shin Woei; Reindl, Thomas; Padhamnath, Pradeep; Kopyściański, Mateusz; Karbowniczek, Joanna; Kozieł, Tomasz
Wydział Inżynierii Metali i Informatyki Przemysłowej
The cumulative PV panel waste is expected to reach ≈8 million tonnes by 2030 and ≈ 80 million tonnes by 2050. This presents an opportunity to pursue new avenues in terms of recycling and improving the circularity of the PV panels. In this work we present experimental results for recycling c-Si PV panels using recently developed electrohydraulic shock-wave fragmentation (EHF) of PV panels. The EHF process allows for the recovery of all materials used in the manufacturing of PV panels. We use different types of panels for the recycling process and analyse the material recoverability in each condition. Further, we analyse the effectiveness of chemical treatment in isolating metals from the silicon obtained from recycled c-Si PV panels, providing an opportunity of recovering high quality metal and silicon. The separation process allows for the high-quality material recovery and could potentially improve the economic feasibility of the overall recycling process.
Access status: Open Access ,
Coprecipitation of Ce with lead phosphates
(2025) Staszel Kacper; Sordyl Julia; Puzio Bartosz; Manecki Maciej
Wydział Geologii, Geofizyki i Ochrony Środowiska
Current development of sustainable technologies creates a demand for new sources of Rare Earth Elements (REE). Recent studies suggest that coprecipitation in the form of Pb-phosphates is one of the most effective methods in REE removal from aqueous solutions. This work focuses on the experimental study of the mechanisms of Ce coprecipitation with Pb phosphates, in particular with lead apatite - pyromorphite (Pb5(PO4)3Cl). Coprecipitation experiments were conducted at ambient conditions, at pH range 1–11, by mixing solutions containing high concentrations of Pb and Ce (∼66,700 ppm and ∼ 7600 ppm, respectively) with solutions containing stoichiometric concentrations of PO4 and Cl. As a result of coprecipitation with Pb phosphates, the Ce concentration decreased significantly to <2 ppm. The main product of the coprecipitation was Ce-doped pyromorphite (Pymsingle bondCe). Removal of Ce was most effective under alkaline conditions, while performance was slightly worse under acidic conditions, due in part to the slightly higher solubility of the precipitate. This was compared with a series of control experiments in the absence of either Pb, Cl, or Ce. Precipitation in the absence of Pb resulted in the formation of fibrous rhabdophane-Ce. In the absence of Cl, various phases were formed depending on pH conditions, such as ‘phosphoschultenite’ (PbHPO4), Pb-hopeite (PbPb2(PO4)2·nH2O), mixed Pb and Ce hydrous phosphates, and hydroxylpyromorphite (Pb5(PO4)3OH). In the absence of Ce, pure microcrystalline pyromorphite precipitated. Coprecipitation of Ce with Pb phosphates in the presence of Cl is advantageous due to the recovery of almost all Ce from solution in the form of a micro-crystalline Pym-Ce that is a very stable, insoluble phase easily separated from suspension. The precipitation of Pym-Ce is homogenous over a wide range of pH, assuring consistency in the obtained phases regardless of starting conditions. Achieved high Ce removal levels may be crucial for the progress of the REE extraction industry, in terms of this method being applicable to other REE for their recovery from solutions, including apatite leachates.
Access status: Open Access ,
Magnetorheological fluids subjected to non-uniform magnetic fields: experimental characterization
(2023) Kubık, Michał; Gołdasz, Janusz; Macháček, Ondřej; Strecker, Zbyněk; Sapiński, Bogdan
Magnetorheological (MR) fluids are suspensions of fine, low-coercivity, high magnetizable particles in a continuous liquid phase. When subjected to magnetic field, the material exhibits a rapid change in the apparent viscosity of several orders of magnitude. This unique capability has been successfully exploited in automotive semi-active suspensions systems or systems for manufacturing high quality optics. In a majority of the existing systems, the rheology of MR fluids is controlled by an external uniform field oriented perpendicularly to the fluid flow direction. In general, it is an inherent feature of MR systems operating in flow, shear or squeeze modes, respectively. There is an experimental evidence that the behavior of MR fluids in the so-called pinch-mode (in which the fluid is subjected to non-uniform magnetic field distributions ) clearly stands out against the remaining three operating modes. With the predecessors, the flow through the channel occurs once a pressure across it exceeds the field-dependent threshold pressure. For comparison, in pinch mode valves the magnetic flux energizes mostly the layers of the materials near the channel walls. The outcome is a change in the channel’s effective diameter achieved solely via material means without changing its geometry. To study the fluid’s unique behavior in the pinch mode, the authors designed a prototype valve assembly and examined several fluid formulations of various particle concentration levels across a wide range of external (velocity, magnetic field density) stimuli in an organized effort to further comprehend the phenomenon. The obtained data indicate that the magnitude of the particular effect does not only depend on the magnitudes of the magnetic stimuli but also on the particle concentration; the smaller the concentration of particles the more pronounced the pitch mode like behavior is. In general, the authors believe that the study may provide guidelines as to the selection of fluid formulations for developing novel valveless actuators utilizing MR fluids operating in pinch mode.
Access status: Open Access ,
Thermally insulating mats based on electrospun fibers with bioinspired nano-groove surface structure
(2025) Ura, Daniel Paweł; Szewczyk, Piotr K.; Parisi, Gregory; Osak, Andrzej; Puzio, Bartosz; Wrona, Jan; Kim, Il-Doo; Stachewicz, Urszula
Wydział Inżynierii Metali i Informatyki Przemysłowej
Heating and heat retention in buildings account for over 50 % of total energy costs, emphasizing the urgent need not only for advanced thermal insulation materials but also for nature-inspired design strategies to enhance energy efficiency and address the global energy crisis. In this study, we present a one-step fabrication method that improves both thermal insulation efficiency and the mechanical performance of polymer fiber mats. By leveraging bioinspired design, we successfully fabricate nanogroove fibers by precisely controlling humidity during in-situ electrospinning. This approach mimics the nanogroove topography of Old Man Cactus hair, enabling a simple yet effective method to regulate the nanoscale morphology of fibers. The resulting nanogroove fibers exhibit a substantial ~10 % reduction in surface temperature compared to conventional insulation coatings when applied to hot water pipes. Remarkably, our nanogroove fibrous coatings achieve 25 % higher energy savings per unit area and approximately 29 times higher per gram of material mass than commercial rubber insulation materials. This study highlights the critical role of nanoscale surface morphology engineering, particularly in the facile fabrication of nanogroove structures, in mitigating energy and heat loss during thermal transport processes. Based on the unique advantages of humidity-controlled polymer fiber architectures, this approach enables the development of flexible, high-performance thermal insulation materials, opening new avenues for versatile applications across various fields.
Access status: Open Access ,
Electrohydraulic fragmentation processing enabling separation and recovery of all components in end-of-life silicon photovoltaic panels
(2025) Padhamnath, Pradeep; Nalluri, Srinath; Kuśmierczyk, Filip; Kopyściański, Mateusz; Karbowniczek, Joanna; Leow, Shin Woei; Reindl, Thomas
Wydział Inżynierii Metali i Informatyki Przemysłowej
The exponential increased use of PV panels for energy production would also lead to enormous volumes of PV waste that need to be dealt with in an environmentally responsible manner. In this work we present experimental results for recycling crystalline silicon (c-Si) PV panels using recently developed electrohydraulic shock wave-based fragmentation of PV panels. The electrohydraulic fragmentation process allows for the efficient delamination of the modules and subsequent recovery of almost all valuable materials used in the manufacturing of PV panels, without thermally decomposing the polymers and eliminates creation of any toxic or hazardous waste during the process. We study the impact of the type of panel, size of the feed material and process duration on the quantity and quality of material recovered after the process.
Access status: Open Access ,
Kinetics of the binding process of furan moulding sands, under conditions of forced air flow, monitored by the ultrasonic technique
Matonis, Natalia; Zych, Jerzy
Wydział Odlewnictwa
The paper presents the results of research on the kinetics of the binding process of self-hardening moulding sands with an organic binder under conditions of forced air flow at various pressure values. Three moulding sands made using urea-furfuryl resin Furanol FR75A technology were studied. The moulding sands were prepared on a base of quartz sand with an average grain size of $d_{L}$=0.25, 0.29 and 0.37 mm, with permeability values of 306, 391 and $476 m^{2}/10^{8} Pa \cdot s$ (for $ρ_{0}=1.60$, 1.60 and $1.61 g/cm^{3}$, respectively). The research was conducted for a resin content of 1% with a constant proportion of hardener to resin, which was equal to 50%. Samples of the tested moulding sands were blown with air at pressures of 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, and 1.0 bar. The kinetics of the hardening process was monitored using ultrasound technology, according to a previously developed methodology [1]. The research was carried out on an ultrasound testing station equipped with a temperature chamber and an airflow reducer. The tests were conducted at a temperature of 20°C, and of the air flow pressure on the changes in ultrasonic wave velocity in the hardening mouldins sand as a function of time, the kinetics of the hardening process, and the degree of moulding sand hardening were determined. Additionally, the influence of the moulding sand permeability on the course of the hardening process at a constant air flow pressure was determined.
Access status: Open Access ,
Kazimierz Wiśniak teatralny i piwniczny : wystawa w Archiwum Nauki PAN i PAU w Krakowie (24 kwietnia - 31 sierpnia 2023)
(Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza, 2023) Laskosz, Joanna; Sieński, Hieronim
Biblioteka Główna
Access status: Open Access ,
Digitalizacja i udostępnienie literatury firmowej z zakresu nauk inżynieryjno-technicznych 1955–1989. Projekt Biblioteki Głównej AGH
(Stowarzyszenie EBIB, 2024) Chwastek, Agata; Łaciak, Grażyna
Biblioteka Główna
Access status: Open Access ,
Development of low-cost, light weight c-Si photovoltaic modules with potential for applications in VIPV
(2025) Fligier, Bartlomiej; Nalluri, Srinath; Moćko, Bernard; Drabczyk, Kazimierz; Kulesza-Matlak, Grażyna; Jajczak, Katarzyna; Padhamnath, Pradeep
WIMiIP
Vehicle integrated photovoltaics (VIPV) is gathering attention by researchers and industry alike to help in decarbonization of transport industry. While PV panels have been integrated to the vehicles to support auxiliary functions, their wide scale implementation is limited by their size, weight and rigidity. In this work we present a proof-of-concept method to produce bi-facial PV panels with fibre-glass reinforced composite fabric (GRCF) using vacuum resin infusion process. These modules are specifically designed for integrating with an electric car and to be used as a power source to charge the batteries. Mini modules are fabricated using two interdigitated back contact solar cells sandwiched between layers of GRCF sheets. The modules are prepared by drawing the resin under a suitable vacuum through the different GRCF layers and allowing the resin to cure at room temperature. The modules are prepared at room temperature without using a stringer or laminator. Three different metal end-strips are used to assess their performance in the finally prepared module. The modules are subjected to the damp-heat test to analyse the degradation in the modules and the suitability of the fabrication process. Results show that resistance losses and optical losses play a vital role in the final losses resulting from degradation of the modules. Finally, we have shown in this work that it is possible to fabricate such modules using low-cost technology. By fine tuning and scaling-up the process, it is possible to produce modules of any size which could further help in the rapid integration of c-Si PV modules in vehicles.
Access status: Open Access ,
Removal of REE and Th from solution by co-precipitation with Pb-phosphates
(2023) Sordyl, Julia; Staszel, Kacper; Leś, Mikołaj; Manecki, Maciej
Wydział Geologii, Geofizyki i Ochrony Środowiska
The supply of technologically important rare earth elements (REE) is a concern in Europe, hence the recovery of REE from alternative sources has recently become widely investigated. One of the problems is the lack of cost-effective technologies for REE recovery from leaching solutions. The present work investigated the potential for recovering REE and Th from leaching solutions by co-precipitation with Pb phosphates. A set of four experiments were conducted using analytical reagent grade chemicals to analyze the effects of Pb and different pH on the efficiency of REE and Th removal from aqueous solutions. After selecting the best conditions, two additional experiments were performed using solutions obtained from leaching REE-rich apatite mine waste. The precipitates resulting from the experiments as well as the solutions before and after precipitation were analyzed. It was found that the formation of a crystalline mixture of REE- and Th- enriched pyromorphite, $Pb_{5}(PO_{4})_{3}Cl$, and Pb-phosphates, about which little has been known so far, was responsible for complete (>99%) removal of REE and Th from aqueous solutions at pH 4 and 6. At lower pH, the removal is incomplete except for Sc and Th, which probably form a distinct phases. Besides that, no fractionation of LREE and HREE was observed. The experiments included the study of solutions resulting from the leaching of REE-rich apatite waste, which may contribute to the development of new technologies for REE recovery from wastes.
Access status: Open Access ,
Modulating Surface Properties and Osteoblast Responses in Bone Regeneration via Positive and Negative Charges during Electrospinning of Poly(L‑lactide-co-ε-caprolactone) (PLCL) Scaffolds
(2026) Marszalik, Katarzyna; Polak, Martyna; Berniak, Krzysztof; Knapczyk-Korczak, Joanna; Szewczyk, Piotr K.; Marzec, Mateusz M.; Stachewicz, Urszula
Wydział Inżynierii Metali i Informatyki Przemysłowej
The global demand for faster and more effective bone regeneration calls for biomimetic scaffolds that actively guide cell behavior beyond providing structural support. Electrospinning offers unique opportunities to tailor scaffold properties, yet the influence of positive and negative voltage polarities during fabrication on cell−material interactions remains largely unexplored. Here, we investigate poly(L-lactide-co-ε-caprolactone) (PLCL) scaffolds, a statistical copolymer combining strength and elasticity, produced under positive (PLCL+) and negative (PLCL−) polarity. Both scaffold types display comparable morphologies and bulk chemistry. However, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy reveals charge dependent surface chemistry, with PLCL− enriched in O C and O−C groups. Zeta potential results highlight pronounced voltage polarity effects under aqueous conditions at pH 7.5, showing −29.19 mV for PLCL+ and −34.77 mV for PLCL−. Biologically, both scaffolds support rapid osteoblast attachment, with robust filopodia and collagen type I deposition by day 14. Strikingly, PLCL+ scaffolds promote deeper cellular infiltration and broader cytoskeletal distribution, whereas PLCL− scaffolds enhance proliferation, but with a flatter cell morphology. These findings reveal that subtle, charge-driven surface chemical differences in random copolymer scaffolds profoundly modulate osteoblast behavior. This work identifies electrospinning voltage polarity as a powerful yet underutilized design parameter for engineering next-generation scaffolds for bone tissue regeneration.
Access status: Open Access ,
Configuring a hierarchical evolutionary strategy using exploratory landscape analysis
(2023) Guzowski, Hubert; Smołka, Maciej
Wydział Informatyki
Hierarchic Memetic Strategy (HMS) is a stochastic global optimizer designed to tackle highly multimodal problems. It consists of parallel running optimization methods organized in a tree hierarchy. Depending on the task, different algorithms can be utilized on each of the levels. In this paper, we incorporate into HMS's structure a mechanism for choosing its configuration based on information gathered by a set of Exploratory Landscape Analysis (ELA) methods and hyperparametric optimization. We compared the performance of such configured HMS with a portfolio of proven state-of-the-art algorithms on the suite of black-box optimization functions. The results of this work show the efficacy of HMS and provide a set of default parameters evaluated for algorithms users. The use of ELA methods to select the configuration of a composite algorithm extends their standard use as part of an algorithm selector and provides insight into the relationship between exploration and exploitation for different types of fitness functions.
Access status: Open Access ,
Direct electrospinning of short polymer fibers: factors affecting size and quality
(2024) Ura, Daniel Paweł; Stachewicz, Urszula
Wydział Inżynierii Metali i Informatyki Przemysłowej
The growing demand for lightweight and robust materials drives the development of polymer-based and fiber-reinforced composites. Here, using short fibers offers several advantages; however, currently employed methods for producing short fibers, such as homogenization, result in a wide dispersion of dimensions in the produced fibers, which is an undesirable effect in composite materials. In this study, electrospinning is used to produce polymer short fibers directly. This research highlights, for the first time, the differences in the electrospinning process dynamics between short and continuous fibers. By adjusting parameters: voltage and distance, we control dimensions of short fibers below 1 µm in diameter and around 4 µm in length to a few microns in diameter and approximately 14 µm in length. Direct electrospinning of short fibers offers significant advantages, including a narrow size distribution and reproducibility compared to chopped continuous fibers with homogenization.
Access status: Open Access ,
Realization of a Novel FeSiAlCuSn Multicomponent Alloy and Characterization of Intermetallic Phases Formed at Different Temperatures During Cooling
(2025) Kuśmierczyk, Filip; Padhamnath, Pradeep; Kopyściański, Mateusz; Gondek, Łukasz; Migas, Piotr; Karbowniczek, Mirosław
Wydział Inżynierii Metali i Informatyki Przemysłowej
Ferrosilicon (FeSi) is a commercially important material with multiple uses in metallurgical processes. Recently, in an attempt to reduce the carbon impact of the FeSi production process, researchers have proposed using recycled Si recovered from electronic waste in the production of FeSi. However, Si recovered from electronic waste usually contains Al, Cu, and Sn as impurities. Hence, FeSi alloys produced with recycled Si from electronic waste may contain all these elements in varying proportions. Al, Cu, and Sn have been explored as alloying elements to produce alloys with Fe. FeSiAl alloys have also been studied recently for their superior properties. In this work, a multicomponent FeSiAlCuSn alloy is produced, and the phases formed at different temperatures are analyzed using different phase identification techniques. We also analyze the hardness of the multicomponent alloy to find any deviation from the standard FeSi alloy without the additional alloying elements. Understanding the phases and the composition of such alloys may help design future multi-component or high-entropy alloys involving Fe, Si, Al, Cu, and Sn for specific applications.
Access status: Open Access ,
Transition metal sulfides for electrochemical applications: Controlled chemical conversion of CuS to Ag2S
(2022) Mazurków, Julia; Kusior, Anna; Mikuła, Andrzej; Radecka, Marta
Wydział Inżynierii Materiałowej i Ceramiki
Transition metal sulfides have received great attention as electrocatalysts for electrochemical sensors and water electrolysis. In the present study, a facile and rapid chemical conversion route was used for the synthesis of partially and fully converted $Ag_{2}S$ from tube-like CuS. The morphology of the obtained materials was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transition electron microscopy (TEM), revealing that the complex shape of CuS was maintained after the conversion. Information about phase and elemental composition was obtained by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF), and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). The surface composition was analyzed utilizing X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results indicated that it was possible to precisely control the contribution of each sulfide by varying precursors ratio. Moreover, the conducted experiments enabled to schematically illustrate the $CuS-Ag_{2}S$ junction and propose a conversion mechanism. The electrochemical behavior of the materials was examined using cyclic voltammetry (CV) in the potential range of biomolecules electrooxidation as well as water splitting. Special attention was devoted to reactions occurring on $Ag_{2}S$-modified electrodes in alkaline and neutral media. It was found that the formation of subsequent oxides, their reduction, and the recovery of $Ag_{2}S$ are diffusion-controlled processes.
Access status: Open Access ,
Benefits from co-pyrolysis of biomass and refuse derived fuel for biofuels production: experimental investigations
(2024) Magdziarz, Aneta; Jerzak, Wojciech; Wądrzyk, Mariusz; Sieradzka, Małgorzata
Wydział Inżynierii Metali i Informatyki Przemysłowej
The application of renewable fuels and waste for energy production is crucial environmentally and economically. Co-pyrolysis of biomass and refuse derived fuel (RDF) offers a promising pathway for valuable products that combine various benefits including enhanced energy recovery, waste valorisation, improved product quality, and environmental sustainability. Consideration of specific feedstocks and optimization of process parameters are necessary to maximise the efficiency and effectiveness of the co-pyrolysis process. This work presents investigations of the co-pyrolysis process of lignocellulosic biomass wastes (rye straw and agriculture grass) and RDF. These biomasses ensure efficient decomposition. The RDF, high in carbon (78.5 %) and hydrogen (11.8 %), was predominantly plastic based. Based on Py-GC-MS studies at 600°C, it was observed that the addition of RDF to biomass caused a significant decrease in the share of organic oxygen compounds among the released decomposition products. Laboratory tests were performed in a fixed-bed reactor for raw biomass and RDF and 1:1 and 3:1 biomass to RDF mass ratio. The results demonstrated that the yield of char production decreased with the addition of RDF, which promoted the bio-oil yield. Despite, RDF pyrolysis meets problems, it was proved that co-pyrolysis of biomass and RDF is a good solution for their utilization.
Access status: Open Access ,
Biomass thermochemical conversion via pyrolysis with integrated CO2 capture
(2020) Sieradzka, Małgorzata; Gao, Ningbo; Quan, Cui; Mlonka-Mędrala, Agata; Magdziarz, Aneta
Wydział Inżynierii Metali i Informatyki Przemysłowej
The presented work is focused on biomass thermochemical conversion with integrated $CO_{2}$ capture. The main aim of this study was the in-depth investigation of the impact of pyrolysis temperature (500, 600 and 700 °C) and $CaO$ sorbent addition on the chemical and physical properties of obtained char and syngas. Under the effect of the pyrolysis temperature, the properties of biomass chars were gradually changed, and this was confirmed by examination using thermal analysis, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and porosimetry methods. The chars were characterised by a noticeable carbon content (two times at 700 °C) resulting in a lower O/C ratio. The calculated combustion indexes indicated the better combustible properties of chars. In addition, structural morphology changes were observed. However, the increasing pyrolysis temperature resulted in changes of solid products; the differences of char properties were not significant in the range of 500 to 700 °C. Syngas was analysed using a gas chromatograph. The following main components were identified: $CO$, $CO_{2}$, $CH_{4}$, $H_{2}$ and $C_{2}H_{4}$, $C_{2}H_{6}$, $C_{3}H_{6}$, $C_{3}H_{8}$. A significant impact of $CaO$ on $CO_{2}$ adsorption was found. The concentration of $CO_{2}$ in syngas decreased with increased temperature, and the highest decrease occurred in the presence of $CaO$ from above 60% to below 30% at 600 °C.
Access status: Open Access ,
Impact of ceramic and carbon based nanomaterials integrated in the electrospun fibers on their scaffolds, mats, yarns performance in tissue engineering, energy and water harvesting applications
(2025) Stachewicz, Urszula
Wydział Inżynierii Metali i Informatyki Przemysłowej
Access status: Open Access ,
Operating point shift induced by relay asymmetry: an iterative solution proposal
(2023) Pekař, Libor; Matušů, Radek; Guzowski, Hubert; Gazdoš, František
Wydział Informatyki
This contribution focuses on a problem that appears when using a relay with non-symmetric output in the closed loop. Such a scheme is usually used for process model parameters identification, possibly followed by automatic controller tuning. Whenever static or dynamic properties of the process reveal asymmetry when the sign of the input changes, the setpoint (reference) becomes different from the operating point value of the process output. As a class of relay-based identification methods utilize calculations in the frequency domain that are based on integral computation around the operating point, the discrepancy between the setpoint and the operating point can lead to incorrect results. The aim of the paper is mainly to provide the reader with problem formulation and step-by-step proposition of how it can be solved. Concise numerical examples are also given. The concluding remarks suggest possible further ways of research.
Access status: Open Access ,
Modulating cell adhesion and infiltration in advanced scaffold designs based on PLLA fibers with rGO and MXene (Ti3C2Tx)
(2025) Polak, Martyna; Berniak, Krzysztof; Szewczyk, Piotr K.; Knapczyk-Korczak, Joanna; Marzec, Mateusz M.; Purbayanto, Muhammad Abiyyu Kenichi; Jastrzębska, Agnieszka M.; Stachewicz, Urszula
Wydział Inżynierii Metali i Informatyki Przemysłowej
The development of electrospun scaffolds that support cell adhesion and infiltration remains a critical challenge in tissue engineering. In this study, we investigate the influence of two-dimensional (2D) fillers—reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and MXene (Ti3C2Tx)—incorporated into poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) electrospun fibers on their properties and osteoblast responses. The presence of fillers modified fiber arrangement and created varying inter-fiber spacing due to surface charge repulsion and agglomeration. Importantly, surface potential measurements via Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) of PLLA fibers show a significant shift caused by the incorporation of Ti3C2Tx to ∼400 mV compared to ∼50 mV for rGO. In vitro tests indicate that rGO-modified scaffolds support osteoblast infiltration up to ∼100 μm, unlike PLLA fibers, which limit cell infiltration to a maximum of ∼70 μm. However, Ti3C2Tx promotes even deeper (∼120 μm) and more uniform cell's infiltration due to changes in scaffold architecture. High-resolution confocal imaging confirmed that PLLA-Ti3C2Tx fosters larger, elongated adhesion site clusters of cells, whereas rGO increases cell's adhesion site density in relation to PLLA scaffolds without any filler. Our findings highlight the distinct roles of rGO and Ti3C2Tx in modulating scaffold geometry, mechanical behavior, and cellular interactions. Tailoring the composition and distribution of conductive fillers in fibers offers a promising strategy for optimizing scaffold performance in tissue engineering applications.